{"id":38175,"date":"2023-07-28T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-28T06:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/steinerne-zeugen\/"},"modified":"2023-08-18T13:05:19","modified_gmt":"2023-08-18T11:05:19","slug":"stony-witnesses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/en\/stony-witnesses\/","title":{"rendered":"Stony Witnesses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>A stone wall winds through the forest for several kilometres close to Bad D\u00fcrkheim. This is the place where the oldest town of the Palatinate might have been located in Celtic times \u2013 on top of the Kastanienberg hill, more than 170 metres above the valley of the Isenach. But who lived here? And why was the settlement abandoned again so suddenly? A search for traces in the Palatinate Forest with the archaeologist Thomas Kreckel begins. \u00a0<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Often it is only small hints and little fragments that bring Thomas Kreckel on his track, like the changes in colour \u2013 dark stripes in the sand. \u201cI have been at excavations where these stripes were much more noticeable,\u201d the archaeologist tells us. \u201cThe soil in the Palatinate Forest, especially here on the Kastanienberg, is deficient in lime; it doesn\u2019t conserve traces really well.\u201d Then, however, just as the setting sun was sending its last slanting rays through the trees, he was certain \u2013 this discolouration was caused by a wooden post that once stood at this exact spot as part of a wooden construction stabilising a gigantic wall, a Celtic ring wall, more than two kilometres in length and measuring more than 26 hectares \u2013 which is about the size of the neighbouring town of Wachenheim. A town was situated here 170 metres above the present-day town of Bad D\u00fcrkheim atop the Kastanienberg back in the year 500 BC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"BorlabsCookie _brlbs-cb-youtube\"><div class=\"_brlbs-content-blocker\"> <div class=\"_brlbs-embed _brlbs-video-youtube\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_brlbs-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/borlabs-cookie\/assets\/images\/cb-no-thumbnail.png\" alt=\"YouTube\"> <div class=\"_brlbs-caption\"> <p>Mit dem Laden des Videos akzeptieren Sie die Datenschutzerkl\u00e4rung von YouTube.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Mehr erfahren<\/a><\/p> <p><a class=\"_brlbs-btn _brlbs-icon-play-white\" href=\"#\" data-borlabs-cookie-unblock role=\"button\">Video laden<\/a><\/p> <p><label><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"unblockAll\" value=\"1\" checked> <small>YouTube immer entsperren<\/small><\/label><\/p> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div><div class=\"borlabs-hide\" data-borlabs-cookie-type=\"content-blocker\" data-borlabs-cookie-id=\"youtube\"><script type=\"text\/template\">PGlmcmFtZSB0aXRsZT0iU3RlaW5lcm5lIFpldWdlbjogQXVmIGRlbiBTcHVyZW4gZGVyIEtlbHRlbiBiZWkgQmFkIETDvHJraGVpbSIgd2lkdGg9IjUwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyODEiIHNyYz0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cueW91dHViZS1ub2Nvb2tpZS5jb20vZW1iZWQvSTN3NGlfT2N5Tmc\/ZmVhdHVyZT1vZW1iZWQiIGZyYW1lYm9yZGVyPSIwIiBhbGxvdz0iYWNjZWxlcm9tZXRlcjsgYXV0b3BsYXk7IGNsaXBib2FyZC13cml0ZTsgZW5jcnlwdGVkLW1lZGlhOyBneXJvc2NvcGU7IHBpY3R1cmUtaW4tcGljdHVyZTsgd2ViLXNoYXJlIiByZWZlcnJlcnBvbGljeT0ic3RyaWN0LW9yaWdpbi13aGVuLWNyb3NzLW9yaWdpbiIgYWxsb3dmdWxsc2NyZWVuPjwvaWZyYW1lPg==<\/script><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption>A search for traces in the Palatinate Forest with the archaeologist Thomas Kreckel. <em>Music: Emit Fenn &#8211; Alone<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIt must have been an impressive sight,\u201d Thomas says. The ring wall was presumably 2.5 to four metres in height. The stones are all you can still see today \u2013 and a good many of them. Some of them are clearly noticeable as a bumpy trail through the forest, some of them are overgrown and covered by moss and trees. Who lived here, however, and why the settlement was abandoned again \u2013 has been a mystery for long. The wall is often referred to as the <em>Heidenmauer<\/em> (\u201cheathen wall\u201d) \u2013 \u201cfor the simple reason that all findings dating from pre-Christian times were sweepingly considered \u2018heathen,\u2019\u201d Thomas explains.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-17.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-17-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37778\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-17-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-17-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-17-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-17.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Even as a little boy Thomas Kreckel wanted to become an archaeologist. The search for traces back in history fascinates him.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The man from the Palatinate wears thin frame glasses, has shoulder-length hair and a full beard. Over his T-shirt he pulled on a shirt with black and white ethnic patterns and a brown waistcoat. He does not walk through the forest; he marches. Accompanied by Taranis who is constantly at his side, a border collie named after the Celtic god of weather and thunder. \u201cEven as a boy\u201d, Thomas wanted to become an archaeologist as he tells us. His grandfather had a keen interest in culture and history. \u201cUnfortunately, he died young \u2013 when I was only three years old. I got to know him through his books, though.\u201d As soon as he was able to read, he worked his way through his grandfather\u2019s impressive library. \u201cGods, Graves and Scholars: A Story of Archaeology\u201d by C.W. Ceram was one of the books that could be found there. \u201cIt was a book that captivated me. After reading it, it was clear to me what I wanted to become.\u201d It is the search for traces, the detective work as an archaeologist, that fascinates him. \u201cHistory actually is often told from the perspective of the ones in power. I am much more interested, however, in how the ordinary people lived, how they led their everyday lives.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Right now, he is standing at a spot with ditches and parts of a wall forming several rectangles. \u201cThis used to be a gate system, the entrance area to the town,\u201d the archaeologist explains. The construction was solidly built, but not to such an extent that it could have withstood attacks for a long time. \u201cThe wall must rather have had representative functions. It was there to say, \u2018People live here, you do not want to get into trouble with them. But they are also fellow people, you can trade with them well.\u2019\u201d Thomas led the excavations carried out by the Archaeological Heritage Preservation Authorities of Speyer (Arch\u00e4ologische Denkmalpflege Speyer) on the Kastanienberg from 2004 to 2006. In the course of the programme \u201cEarly Celtic Princely Seats\u201d (<em>Fr\u00fchkeltische F\u00fcrstensitze<\/em>) financed by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the researchers wanted to find out more about the inhabitants of the settlement. And provide answers to questions unsolved for centuries.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>History actually is often told from the perspective of the ones in power. I am much more interested, however, in how the ordinary people lived, how they led their everyday lives<\/p><cite>Thomas Kreckel<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The reason for this is simple \u2013 the existence of the wall was a known fact, but the significance of the settlement, which might even be the earliest town in the Palatinate, has been obscure for a long time. As early as in 1864, construction workers discovered a grave while working on the construction of the railway line east of Bad D\u00fcrkheim. At first, however, the construction work was carried on. \u201cLater, only the remnants of the burial equipment could be rescued.\u201d Even these, however, were impressive: a jug made of bronze, a golden bangle, a rod tripod that served as a rack for vessels \u2013 clearly Etruscan. An imported article from Italy, that is. An early Celtic princely grave, so whoever was buried here was clearly powerful, rich and enjoyed good trading relations. And from the small diameter of the bangle we conclude that it must be a woman\u2019s burial site,\u201d Thomas explains.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-31.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-31-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37806\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-31-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-31-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-31-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-31.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>A replication of the princess\u2019s grave can be seen in the town museum of Bad-D\u00fcrkheim.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The question now is, where did this lady once live? Where was the princely seat located? \u201cAnd when it comes to answering these questions, we have a problem in Bad D\u00fcrkheim that is actually nice to have. There are even two possibilities. One is the plateau on which in modern times the remains of Limburg Abbey are situated, the other one is the mysterious settlement within the ring wall.\u201d For a long time, it was assumed that the town on the Kastanienberg was the princely seat. By now, Thomas is quite sure: \u201cThe princes lived on the site belonging to Limburg Abbey.\u201d The reason for this is that all traces that he and his colleagues found within the ring wall point to the fact that the settlement did not exist for a long time. \u201cThe ring wall shows only few modifications, and the cultural layer exhibits a thickness of 30 centimetres maximum,\u201d Thomas explains. If several generations would have lived here, there would have been considerably more modifications as well as several cultural layers and layers of soil on top of each other.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-2-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37748\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>A Celtic princely seat once was where the ruins of Limburg Abbey are situated today.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Presumably, only one or two generations lived here. After that, the inhabitants abandoned the settlement, plucked out the wooden posts of the ring wall and thus brought it down. But \u2013 why? \u201cSince the soil up here isn\u2019t really fertile, the settlement was probably built primarily for one purpose \u2013 trading.\u201d After all, the Celts loved Italian wine and Etruscan handcraft. \u201cJust at this point in time, however, trading declined sharply because the Etruscans were busy fighting with the Greeks over the supremacy on the Mediterranean Sea,\u201d Thomas reports. The settlement did not meet the expectations related with its foundation.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-27.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-27-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37798\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-27-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-27-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-27-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-27.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Presumably the oldest town of the Palatinate \u2013 but only for a short time.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ring wall tapers off in the south. From here to the Kaiser-Wilhelm-H\u00f6he, it is only a few metres. Thomas climbs the steps; Taranis jumps right behind him. From the top of the vantage point, you can directly view the Limburg, the former Celtic princely seat \u2013 an impressive panorama. Thomas takes a deep breath. \u201cQuite beautiful up here, isn\u2019t it?\u201d He has participated in excavations in Turkey and all over Germany. But to lead an excavation here in his home region was very special to him. The more so, since on the Kastanienberg, there is even more just waiting to be discovered. Not far away from the gate system of the early Celtic settlement, the Romans ran a quarry several centuries later, the <em>Kriemhildenstuhl<\/em>, the preservation of which the Drachenfels society takes care of. Signs and inscriptions of Roman legionaries are still discernible in the vertical walls and almost rectangular terraces. Many hiking trails invite visitors to explore this area, like the Drachenfels society\u2019s panoramic hiking trail (<em>Panoramarundwanderweg<\/em>) or the Roman circular route (<em>R\u00f6mer-Rundwanderweg<\/em>).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-6-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-37756\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-6-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-6-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-6-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Wo-Sonst-Heidemauer-6.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The Romans probably carried the stones from the <em>Kriemhildenstuhl<\/em> over the Rhine to Mainz.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today, Thomas works at the archive and museum of the town of Bad D\u00fcrkheim. Here, amongst other things, he guides visitors through the exhibition, which was extended and modernised in 2010. A reconstruction of the princess\u2019s burial mound is on display here, as well as findings from the surrounding area, like the massive signal horn. A 3D-view on a screen shows the visitors what the gate system might have looked like back then. On the left and on the right side, you can see the stone wall kept in place by countless wooden posts. The way through it is roofed by a kind of wooden house on piles. The animation clearly demonstrates how impressive the settlement must once have been. Thomas is committed to make this perceivable on-site soon, too. The gate system is first to be cleared of the vegetation to visualise its dimensions and protect it from further deterioration. In a second step Thomas would like to reconstruct a section of the wall \u2013 to make the story of the Celtic town with all its mysteries visible and thus make it a tangible experience for visitors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pfalz.de\/de\/sehenswuerdigkeit\/keltischer-ringwall-heidenmauer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.pfalz.de\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A search for celtiv traces and the oldest town of the Palatinate  near Bad D\u00fcrkheim with the archaeologist Thomas Kreckel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,1490],"tags":[122,207,319,417,897,2087,2088,2089,2090,2091,2092,2093,2094],"class_list":["post-38175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-history","tag-metropolregion-rhein-neckar-en","tag-wo-sonst-en","tag-bad-duerkheim-en","tag-palatinate","tag-pfaelzerwald-en","tag-archaeologie-en","tag-hambacher-schloss-en-8","tag-kaestenberg-en","tag-kelten-en","tag-thomas-kreckel-en","tag-celtic","tag-stone-wall","tag-celtic-ring-wall"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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