{"id":36637,"date":"2023-04-21T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T06:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/ziegeleimuseum-in-jockgrim\/"},"modified":"2023-05-25T10:50:21","modified_gmt":"2023-05-25T08:50:21","slug":"on-the-roofs-of-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/en\/on-the-roofs-of-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"On the roofs of Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>One of the largest tile-making works in the world used to be located in the Palatinate town of Jockgrim. The roofs of the Olympic Village in Berlin and St. Stephen\u2019s Cathedral in Vienna were produced here. And unusual things, such as the remarkable ball-shaped house, were developed in this place, as well.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It used to be stuffy and dark here\u2014and stinking hot. 1,050 degrees Celsius, to be exact. J\u00f6rg Scherer stands in the ring kiln of former plant number 2 explaining how this 90-metre-long installation with its 46 chambers was fired with hard coal. \u201c21,000 tiles were produced in a single run,\u201d says the director of the Jockgrim tile-making museum, \u201cin just 24 hours.\u201d There were actually never any breaks at the Falzziegelwerke Carl Ludowici factory for interlocking roof tiles. Work was done 365 days a year, around the clock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"BorlabsCookie _brlbs-cb-youtube\"><div class=\"_brlbs-content-blocker\"> <div class=\"_brlbs-embed _brlbs-video-youtube\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"_brlbs-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/plugins\/borlabs-cookie\/assets\/images\/cb-no-thumbnail.png\" alt=\"YouTube\"> <div class=\"_brlbs-caption\"> <p>Mit dem Laden des Videos akzeptieren Sie die Datenschutzerkl\u00e4rung von YouTube.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/policies.google.com\/privacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Mehr erfahren<\/a><\/p> <p><a class=\"_brlbs-btn _brlbs-icon-play-white\" href=\"#\" data-borlabs-cookie-unblock role=\"button\">Video laden<\/a><\/p> <p><label><input type=\"checkbox\" name=\"unblockAll\" value=\"1\" checked> <small>YouTube immer entsperren<\/small><\/label><\/p> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div><div class=\"borlabs-hide\" data-borlabs-cookie-type=\"content-blocker\" data-borlabs-cookie-id=\"youtube\"><script type=\"text\/template\">PGlmcmFtZSB0aXRsZT0iWmllZ2VsZWltdXNldW0gSm9ja2dyaW06IEF1ZiBkZW4gRMOkY2hlcm4gRXVyb3BhcyIgd2lkdGg9IjUwMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyODEiIHNyYz0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cueW91dHViZS1ub2Nvb2tpZS5jb20vZW1iZWQvdjBtMENkWTJUcHM\/ZmVhdHVyZT1vZW1iZWQiIGZyYW1lYm9yZGVyPSIwIiBhbGxvdz0iYWNjZWxlcm9tZXRlcjsgYXV0b3BsYXk7IGNsaXBib2FyZC13cml0ZTsgZW5jcnlwdGVkLW1lZGlhOyBneXJvc2NvcGU7IHBpY3R1cmUtaW4tcGljdHVyZTsgd2ViLXNoYXJlIiByZWZlcnJlcnBvbGljeT0ic3RyaWN0LW9yaWdpbi13aGVuLWNyb3NzLW9yaWdpbiIgYWxsb3dmdWxsc2NyZWVuPjwvaWZyYW1lPg==<\/script><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption>The tile-making museum in Jockgrim shows a part of Palatinate industrial history, and so does our video.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A tile needed a whole three days to cool down after firing. However, \u201cthis way, each piece is very strong, makes an immensely beautiful roof and has become famous in more and more places,\u201d as it was written in a brochure advertising the Ludowici works at the end of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century. And still, that was an understatement. The company in the small Palatinate town of Jockgrim was considered one of the largest tile-making works in the world in the course of its development. St. Stephen\u2019s Cathedral in Vienna, the railway stations in Wiesbaden and Metz and the municipal theatre in Nuremberg were all covered with Ludowici ceramic tiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_098.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_098-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_098-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_098-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_098-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_098-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_098.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>21,000 tiles were produced in a single run here.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cLudowici interlocking tiles stood for absolute quality in the second half of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century in particular,\u201d J\u00f6rg says about the former European market leader. At the end of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century, 100,000 tiles were produced every day\u2014some 27 million per year. The company produced material for every type of roof and with an artistic ambition. Bearing witness to this claim is a large number of decorative tiles in remarkable animal and plant shapes on display in the museum. \u201cMany artists started out at Ludowici\u2019s and then moved to the Staatliche Majolika Manufaktur ceramics factory in Karlsruhe,\u201d explains J\u00f6rg, who heads the museum\u2019s sponsoring association together with the sculptor Karl-Heinz Deutsch. The two men have established the Weg der D\u00e4cher (path of roofs), a cycling route &nbsp;that takes you past 30 special Ludowici roofs around Jockgrim.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since the opening of the museum in 1996, the restored press building of the factory grounds shows visitors the company\u2019s 100-year history by means of machines, information panels, photos, blueprints, furniture from the company headquarters and, of course, countless variations of the tiles themselves. \u201cMore and more bequests from former employees are coming in,\u201d says J\u00f6rg. They have enriched the museum with historical old tiles, including some 748 wooden models used between 1883 and 1956\u2014an absolute treasure for curators of monument or tilers specialising in historical buildings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Ludowici interlocking tiles stood for absolute quality<\/p><cite>J\u00f6rg Scherer <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Ludowici family founded their first company in Ensheim an der Saar in 1857 and moved to Ludwigshafen-Maudach in search of suitable clay. The factory in Jockgrim began operation in 1883. \u201cAs an amateur archaeologist, Carl Ludowici knew the terra sigillata, the ceramics of the Romans, very well,\u201d says J\u00f6rg, who runs a tax office in the town when he is not busy doing his voluntary work for the museum. He goes on to explain that the Romans appreciated the grey, easily malleable clay even 2,000 years ago, of which there is still plenty in the <a href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/en\/of-forests-dunes-and-mussels\/\">Bienwald <\/a>forest today. It was said that the deposits had been exhausted when the factory was closed in 1972. \u201cBut truth be told: after the war, the company management shouldn\u2019t have invested in old technologies but rather switch production to electric industries or oil.\u201d And the Benz factories began to convince more and more workers to leave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Jockgrim_006.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Jockgrim_006-1024x717.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36394\"\/><\/a><figcaption>The renowned architect Stephan B\u00f6hm designed the new municipal centre on top of what used to be a spectacular ring kiln.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A model of Jockgrim illustrates how much Ludowici shaped the former village for decades. There had been waves of immigration to America or Africa before tile production started in 1883. \u201cThe factory turned the poor farming settlement into one of the most productive industrial villages in Germany,\u201d says J\u00f6rg, whose grandfather had worked as a factory clerk at Ludowici\u2019s. There were periods when every second resident of Jockgrim was employed at the tile-making works\u2014with all associated advantages and disadvantages. Early on, the company provided services and security such as a canteen, sanitary facilities, health insurance and housing. At the same time, it kept its employees dependent. \u201cTrains on their way to BASF in Ludwigshafen were not allowed to stop in Jockgrim\u2014to prevent workers from leaving,\u201d says J\u00f6rg. Ludowici operated as many as twelve branches in France, Germany and the US by 1935. A former subsidiary still exists in Lexington, US, producing Ludowici tiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_104.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_104-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_104-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_104-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_104-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_104-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_104.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The large tile-making works has shaped the small Palatinate town.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The largest exhibit in the tile-making museum is the very production site\u2014the ring kiln that was once six storeys high. The renowned architect Stephan B\u00f6hm converted it into the basement of the modern administrative building of the municipality and thus created an impressive new town centre. One of many inventions made by Johann Wilhelm Ludowici (1896\u20131983) is on display here. \u201cHe was certainly the most difficult and ambivalent leaders in the company\u2019s history,\u201d says J\u00f6rg. The doctor of engineering joined the NSDAP, the Nazi Party, as one of its first members as early as 1923. \u201cThe fact that almost 50 percent of the residents of Jockgrim voted for the NSDAP in the elections in March 1932 is probably down to the people\u2019s precarious economic situation, the dependence on the tile factory and, last but not least, the influence of the factory owner himself,\u201d as you learn from the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jockgrim-750.de\/index.php\/theaterprojekt-750-jahre-jockgrim\/jockgrimer-gschichtle\/109-dr-ludowicis-nationalstein-und-persilschein\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">town\u2019s homepage<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Jockgrim_057.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Jockgrim_057-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36402\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After Hitler\u2019s rise to power, the old mayor was \u201cforced out of office\u201d, the municipal council \u201cwas purged\u201d and associations were brought into line. Johann Wilhelm Ludowici took over as head of the Reichsheimst\u00e4ttenamt der Deutschen Arbeiterfront (housing office of the German Labour Front) in 1933. One year later, Adolf Hitler appointed him the Reichskommissar official for housing. Ludowici launched a brick or tile for the nation in 1935\u2014standardised and coded like his Ludowici tiles. The following year, the Olympic Village in Berlin was roofed with ceramics from his company. By 1939, the number of his employees had risen to 1,100. \u201cThere were also about 200 forced labourers from Poland and Russia in Jockgrim,\u201d J\u00f6rg says. He co-initiated a theatre project for the 750<sup>th<\/sup> anniversary of the town in 2015, in the course of which 80 former employees of the Ludowici company were interviewed. But their history has not yet been reappraised. There is also nothing about the Nazi era in the museum itself. \u201cNational Socialism in Jockgrim is an era that we urgently have to come to terms with, not least in the museum.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_016.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_016-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_016-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_016-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_016-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_016-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Jockgrim_016.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The view from a sphere.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Johann Wilhelm Ludowici was a high-ranking National Socialist and he loved \u201cfiddling about\u201d with things, as J\u00f6rg says. He registered a remarkable 1,447 patents during his lifetime, from prefabricated houses to lifting ramps. He developed one of the first steel skeleton buildings in Germany in the 1950s: a multi-storey building for the drivers of the Ludowici factory made entirely of roof tiles, which still dominates the entrance to the town today. A sphere with a matte surface stands on the museum grounds, which, with its large, round windows, makes one think more of a UFO than a single-family home. The Belgian government wanted to have complete dwellings built for remote areas in the Belgian Congo, so Ludowici developed earthquake-proof buildings made of concrete with a diameter of 4.50 metres for a two-person household to live in. Photos in the museum show how the construction sails on the Thames on its way to an exhibition in London in 1959.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Z8_Leben-im-KH-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"645\" height=\"447\" src=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Z8_Leben-im-KH-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-36371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Z8_Leben-im-KH-2.jpg 645w, https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Z8_Leben-im-KH-2-300x208.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 645px) 100vw, 645px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Domestic life on a surface with a diameter of 4.50 metres.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The museum\u2019s sponsoring association had the steel sphere renovated in 2002 and a second concrete sphere with parts of the furniture has been preserved in Neupotz. If you search Ludowici Kugelhaus in Google, you will find the remote area of the Kuhn gravel pit. Upon a visit, you can take a leap back in time and see the former furniture through the open door of the unfortunately badly damaged residential sphere with its curved canopy, a kitchen, cupboards and sink, a combination living room\/bedroom, a rounded bathtub and a compartment in the door\u2014for the daily newspaper, milk bottle and bread roll. Anyone taking a look can still sense the flair of the 1950s. The patented housing construction from Jockgrim was probably too far ahead of its time to go into series production and yet preserves what can be considered a small marvellous idea for a home designed and manufactured in the Palatinate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vg-jockgrim.de\/index.php?NavID=3685.59\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.vg-jockgrim.de\/ziegeleimuseum<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the largest tile-making works in the world used to be located in the Palatinate town of Jockgrim. The roofs of the Olympic Village in Berlin and St. Stephen\u2019s Cathedral in Vienna were produced here. And unusual things, such as the remarkable ball-shaped house, were developed in this place, as well.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1490],"tags":[27,207,216,1070],"class_list":["post-36637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-metropolregion-rhein-neckar","tag-wo-sonst-en","tag-annika-wind-en","tag-christian-buck-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>On the roofs of Europe - wo sonst<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The tile-making museum in Jockgrim tells a story from industrial history in the Palatinate and one of the largest tile-making works in the world.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wosonst.eu\/en\/on-the-roofs-of-europe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"On the roofs of Europe - 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